J1250+0455AB an ultracool binary in a hierarchical triple system

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and detailed characterization of an ultracool binary system within a hierarchical triple, providing valuable data for understanding low-mass stellar and substellar evolution.

Contribution

The study presents the first detailed analysis of the ultracool binary J1250+0455AB, including its orbital parameters, component properties, and stability, enriching the sample of benchmark systems for low-mass star research.

Findings

Binary components are M9 and L0 spectral types.

System is highly stable, remaining bound for over 10 Gyr.

Estimated masses are approximately 0.079 and 0.072 solar masses.

Abstract

We report the discovery of the ultracool dwarf binary system J1250+0455AB, a low-mass (M$_\odot$$_\mathrm{tot} <$ 0.2 M$_\odot$) system in which the components straddle the M/L dwarf boundary. The binary was resolved through near-infrared adaptive optics imaging with LUCI1-SOUL on the Large Binocular Telescope, revealing a projected angular separation of 0.17 $\pm$ 0.015$\arcsec$, which, combined with a system distance of $71 \pm 5.8$\,pc, corresponds to a physical separation of 12.2 $\pm$ 1.5\,AU at a position angle of 84.8 $\pm$ 0.2{\deg}. We estimated the orbital period of J1250+0455AB to be 156 $\pm$ 8\,yr, the bolometric luminosities of the primary and secondary luminosities as $\log (L_\mathrm{bol} / L_\odot) = -3.45 \pm 0.04$ and $-3.58 \pm 0.04$, respectively, with the spectral types of M9 and L0 determined through binary template fitting and spectrophotometric relations. This binary system is part of a hierarchical triple with a separation of 10.44$\arcsec$ from its primary. We estimated the age of the system from the rotational period of the primary star as $0.56^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ Gyr. Using evolutionary models, for each component we estimate the mass [0.079 $\pm$ 0.002\,M$_\odot$ / 0.072 $\pm$ 0.003\,M$_\odot$], effective temperature [2350 $\pm$ 38\,K / 2200 $\pm$ 43\,K], and radius [0.113 $\pm$ 0.003\,R$_\odot$ / 0.108 $\pm$ 0.002\,R$_\odot$]. Based on the system's binding energy, total mass, and separation, J1250+0455AB is predicted to be a highly stable system, remaining bound for $>$ 10\,Gyr. J1250+0455AB extends the growing population of UCD benchmark systems, providing a new system for refining evolutionary theories at the lowest stellar masses into the substellar regime.