Operator identities of multiplicity 3 for associative algebras

TL;DR

This paper classifies operator identities of degree 2 and multiplicity 3 for associative algebras, identifying new identities through algebraic and operadic methods, including matrix rank analysis and Gr"obner bases.

Contribution

It extends previous classifications to multiplicity 3, discovering new operator identities using operadic and algebraic techniques, including Smith form and Gr"obner bases.

Findings

Identified 6 new identities of rank 16.

Identified 8 new identities of rank 19.

Extended classification of operator identities to multiplicity 3.

Abstract

We consider algebraic identities for linear operators on associative algebras in which each term has degree 2 (the number of variables) and multiplicity 3 (the number of occurrences of the operator). We apply the methods of earlier work by the author and Elgendy which classified operator identities of degree 2, multiplicities 1 and 2. We begin with the general operator identity of multiplicity 3 which has 10 terms and indeterminate coefficients. We use the operadic concept of partial composition to generate all consequences of this identity in degree 3, multiplicity 4. The coefficient matrix of these consequences has size $105 \times 20$ and indeterminate entries. We compute the partial Smith form of this matrix and use Gr\"obner bases for determinantal ideals to discover which values of the indeterminates produce a matrix of submaximal rank. The only possible submaximal values of the rank are 16 and 19: there are 6 new identities of rank 16, and 8 new identities of rank 19.