On Dedekind Skew Braces

TL;DR

This paper investigates Dedekind skew braces, showing their properties extend beyond abelian types, and establishes key results including their nilpotency, triviality under certain conditions, and their role in solutions to the Yang--Baxter equation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the abelian type assumption can be removed in existing theories and extends the analysis to skew braces with locally cyclic groups, providing new structural insights.

Findings

Finite Dedekind skew braces are centrally nilpotent.

Hypermultipermutational Dedekind skew braces with torsion-free groups are trivial.

Dedekind skew braces with locally cyclic groups are characterized.

Abstract

Skew braces play a central role in the theory of set-theoretic non-degenerate solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation, since their algebraic properties significantly affect the behaviour of the corresponding solutions (see for example [Ballester-Bolinches et al., Adv. Math. 455 (2024), 109880]). Recently, the study of nilpotency-like conditions for the solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation has drawn attention to skew braces of abelian type in which every substructure is an ideal (so-called, Dedekind skew braces); see for example [Ballester-Bolinches et al., Result Math. 80 (2025), Article Number 21]. The aim of this paper is not only to show that the hypothesis the skew brace is of abelian type can be neglected in essentially all the known results in this context, but also to extend this theory to skew braces whose additive or multiplicative groups are locally cyclic (and more in general of finite rank). Our main results -- which are in fact much more general than stated here -- are as follows: (1) Every finite Dedekind skew brace is centrally nilpotent. (2) Every hypermultipermutational Dedekind skew brace with torsion-free additive group is trivial. (3) Characterization of a skew brace whose additive or multiplicative group is locally cyclic (4) If a set-theoretic non-degenerate solution of the Yang--Baxter equation has a Dedekind structure skew brace and fixes the diagonal elements, then such a solution must be the twist solution.