Stable-Sim2Real: Exploring Simulation of Real-Captured 3D Data with Two-Stage Depth Diffusion

TL;DR

This paper introduces Stable-Sim2Real, a novel two-stage depth diffusion model for more accurate simulation of real-world 3D data, significantly improving 3D visual task performance and data realism.

Contribution

It proposes a new two-stage depth diffusion approach for data-driven 3D simulation, addressing limitations of prior methods and providing a new benchmark for evaluation.

Findings

Enhanced 3D visual task performance with simulated data

High similarity between simulated and real-captured 3D data

Effective two-stage diffusion process for depth residual refinement

Abstract

3D data simulation aims to bridge the gap between simulated and real-captured 3D data, which is a fundamental problem for real-world 3D visual tasks. Most 3D data simulation methods inject predefined physical priors but struggle to capture the full complexity of real data. An optimal approach involves learning an implicit mapping from synthetic to realistic data in a data-driven manner, but progress in this solution has met stagnation in recent studies. This work explores a new solution path of data-driven 3D simulation, called Stable-Sim2Real, based on a novel two-stage depth diffusion model. The initial stage finetunes Stable-Diffusion to generate the residual between the real and synthetic paired depth, producing a stable but coarse depth, where some local regions may deviate from realistic patterns. To enhance this, both the synthetic and initial output depth are fed into a second-stage diffusion, where diffusion loss is adjusted to prioritize these distinct areas identified by a 3D discriminator. We provide a new benchmark scheme to evaluate 3D data simulation methods. Extensive experiments show that training the network with the 3D simulated data derived from our method significantly enhances performance in real-world 3D visual tasks. Moreover, the evaluation demonstrates the high similarity between our 3D simulated data and real-captured patterns. Project page: https://mutianxu.github.io/stable-sim2real/.