Supernova cooling from neutrino-devouring dark matter

TL;DR

This paper investigates how fermionic dark matter produced via neutrino-devouring processes inside supernovae can lead to excessive cooling, providing new constraints on dark matter interactions across a broad mass range.

Contribution

It introduces the first detailed analysis of supernova cooling constraints on fermionic dark matter produced through neutrino interactions, using advanced supernova simulations and comprehensive data.

Findings

Stringent limits on DM-electron scattering cross sections ($10^{-51}-10^{-58}$ cm$^2$) in the keV-MeV mass range.

Strong constraints on DM-nucleon scattering ($10^{-49}-10^{-56}$ cm$^2$) in the 0.1-100 MeV mass range.

Almost entirely closes the window for fermionic DM with keV-MeV masses coupling to electrons.

Abstract

Supernova cooling provides a powerful probe of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), in particular for new, light states interacting feebly with SM particles. In this work, we investigate for the first time the production of fermionic dark matter (DM) via the neutrino-devouring process inside a core-collapse supernova, which contributes to the excessive cooling. By incorporating state-of-the-art supernova simulation data and the full time evolution information, we derive stringent and robust limits on DM interactions. We exclude the cross sections down to $10^{-51}-10^{-58}$ cm$^2$ in the keV-MeV mass range for DM-electron scattering, and $10^{-49}-10^{-56}$ cm$^2$ in the 0.1-100 MeV mass range for DM-nucleon scattering, supplemented by complementary constraints from cosmology, astrophysics, LHC and direct detection experiments in the larger cross section regime. We also close almost the entire window in which fermionic DM constitutes $\mathcal{O}(1)$ fraction of DM for its coupling to electrons in the keV-MeV mass range.