Direct signatures of $d$-level hybridization and dimerization in magnetic adatom chains on a superconductor

TL;DR

This study investigates how $d$-level hybridization and dimerization influence magnetic states in Fe adatom chains on a superconductor, revealing spin quenching and potential for topological phases.

Contribution

It demonstrates the direct signatures of $d$-level hybridization and dimerization effects in magnetic adatom chains, highlighting their impact on quantum ground states and topological possibilities.

Findings

Single Fe atoms show four Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and $d$ levels consistent with $S=2$ spin.

Nearest neighbor Fe atom pairs exhibit hybridized $d$ levels and quenched spin.

Odd-numbered chains host switchable magnetic end states.

Abstract

Magnetic adatom chains on superconductors provide a platform to explore correlated spin states and emergent quantum phases. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study the distance-dependent interaction between Fe atoms on 2H-NbSe$_2$. While single atoms exhibit four Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and partially occupied $d$ levels consistent with a $S=2$ spin state, the spin is quenched when two Fe atoms reside in nearest neighbor lattice sites, where the $d$ levels of the atoms hybridize. The non-magnetic dimer configuration is stable in that dimerization persists in chains with weak interactions among the dimers. Thus, the spin-state quenching has important implications also for Fe chains. While even-numbered chains are stable and non-magnetic, odd-numbered chains host a single magnetic atom at one of the chain's ends, with its position being switchable by voltage pulses. Our findings emphasize the role of interatomic coupling in shaping quantum ground states and suggest that engineering alternating hopping amplitudes analogous to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model may offer a pathway to realizing topological systems.