Probing top-quark electroweak couplings indirectly at the Electron-Ion Collider

TL;DR

This paper explores how the Electron-Ion Collider can indirectly measure top-quark electroweak couplings with high precision, potentially surpassing current collider constraints and testing fundamental physics symmetries.

Contribution

It demonstrates the potential of polarized deep inelastic scattering at the EIC to improve constraints on top-quark electroweak couplings within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework.

Findings

Polarized electron beams enhance sensitivity to top-quark couplings.

DIS measurements at the EIC can outperform LHC constraints.

EIC precision matches LEP electroweak measurements.

Abstract

Top quark electroweak interactions serve as a sensitive probe for beyond-Standard-Model physics, potentially exhibiting significant deviations from Standard Model predictions and offering crucial tests of fundamental symmetries in ultraviolet physics. This Letter investigates their measurement through deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes involving top quark loops at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework. We demonstrate that left-handed electron beam polarization can significantly enhance DIS cross sections for these interactions compared to right-handed scenario, highlighting the pivotal role of high polarization at the EIC in constraining these couplings. Compared to direct $pp \to t\bar{t}Z$ measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), DIS measurements could significantly improve these coupling constraints and effectively resolve parameter space degeneracies present in LHC data. Moreover, the expected precision from the EIC's high-luminosity phase matches that of LEP electroweak precision measurements, underscoring the EIC's significant potential to probe top quark properties.