Quasinormal modes of regular black holes surrounded by skewed dark matter distributions

TL;DR

This paper explores how skewed dark matter distributions around regular black holes affect their quasinormal modes and gravitational wave signals, revealing potential observational signatures of dark matter in black hole environments.

Contribution

It introduces a metric correction approach to model dark matter effects on regular black holes, uncovering unique quasinormal mode features and asymmetries in perturbation responses.

Findings

Dark matter induces shallow potential wells and secondary barriers.

Long-lived modes and echo effects are observed in the quasinormal spectrum.

Axial and polar tensor perturbations respond asymmetrically to dark matter profiles.

Abstract

Regular black holes, nonsingular solutions to gravitational collapse with quantum corrections, offer a compelling alternative to classical black holes with curvature singularities. In this work, we investigate how the presence of skewed dark matter distributions outside the innermost stable circular orbit of regular black holes modifies the gravitational wave signals emitted by such objects. Rather than introducing corrections directly into an effective potential, we model the influence of dark matter through metric corrections, allowing a full control over the spatial distribution and abundance of dark matter. We demonstrate that a skewed normal profile generically introduces shallow potential wells or secondary barriers in the effective potential of perturbation equations, depending sensitively on the type of perturbations: scalar, spinor, or tensor. These modifications lead to distinctive quasinormal mode features, including long-lived modes, echo effects, and in some cases, altered stability behaviors. Notably, the axial and polar sectors of tensor field perturbations respond asymmetrically to identical dark matter profiles, revealing a deeper structural distinction in their perturbation dynamics. These results provide a theoretical framework for probing regular black holes in the dark matter environment through gravitational wave observations.