Hadron Production Processes

TL;DR

This paper reviews eight decades of experimental and theoretical research on hadron production, highlighting its role in understanding fundamental particles, symmetries, and the development of the Standard Model.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the history, key discoveries, and progress in meson production physics over the past eighty years.

Findings

Discovery of the pion and its neutral counterpart

Advances in understanding strong interactions and symmetries

Development of the Standard Model foundations

Abstract

The experimental search for the pion -- proposed in 1935 by Hideki Yukawa as the force carrier of the strong nucleon-nucleon interaction -- was rewarded in 1947 when in cosmic ray photographic emulsion data a charged particle was identified with the proper mass of about 300 times the electron mass, completed three years later by the discovery of the neutral pion. Since then, accelerator-driven pion and meson (photo-)production on the nucleon and the associated production of new baryons have become the key elements for ground-breaking discoveries in numerous areas of particle and nuclear physics, from fundamental symmetries and their breaking to low-energy QCD dynamics, laying also foundations for modern elementary particle physics and the Standard Model. This article is an overview of eight decades of experimental and theoretical meson production physics, from isospin to charm and beyond, forming our understanding of hadrons and their interactions.