Linking enhanced star formation and quenching to faint tidal features in galaxies

TL;DR

This study links faint tidal features in galaxies to increased star formation and quenching, showing that merger morphology influences these processes, with no clear link to AGN activity.

Contribution

It provides the first empirical evidence that the impact of galaxy mergers on star formation and quenching depends on the specific tidal feature morphology.

Findings

Galaxies with tidal features are significantly more likely to be in starburst or post-starburst phases.

Arm features are associated with higher starburst likelihood, while shell features correlate with quiescence.

No significant correlation between tidal features and AGN activity was found.

Abstract

Galaxy mergers and interactions have long been suggested as a significant driver of galaxy evolution. However, the exact extent to which mergers enhance star formation and AGN activity has been challenging to establish observationally. In previous work, we visually classified a sample of galaxies with various types of faint tidal features in DECaLS images. In this paper, we cross-correlate this sample with SDSS-derived data to investigate how the presence and specific nature of these features correlates with intense star formation and AGN activity. Averaged over all tidal classes, we find that our 688 tidal feature galaxies are 6.6$\pm$0.9 times more likely to be in a starburst phase and 19.6$\pm$5.0 times more likely to have rapidly quenched (post-starbursts) than a sample of 4073 controls matched in both stellar mass and redshift. Examining differences between tidal classes, galaxies with \textit{arm} features were $\sim$1.3-4.0 times more likely to be starbursting than the other categories, while those with \textit{shell} features were $\sim$2.3-5.3 times more likely to be in a quiescent state. In a similar analysis, we identify which galaxies show evidence of AGN activity (from a sample of $\sim$2100) and find no significant difference between those with or without tidal features. Overall, our results reinforce the notion that mergers play an important role in driving star formation and rapid quenching in galaxies, and provide some of the first empirical evidence that the strength of this effect has a dependence on the detailed nature of the interaction, as traced by the tidal feature morphology.