Enhanced beam transport via space charge mitigation in a multistage accelerator for fusion plasma diagnostics

TL;DR

This paper presents a method to improve high-current heavy-ion beam transport in fusion plasma diagnostics by optimizing voltage distribution in a multistage accelerator, effectively mitigating space-charge effects without mechanical modifications.

Contribution

It introduces an optimized voltage allocation technique that enhances beam transport efficiency and increases beam current, extending plasma measurement capabilities in fusion research.

Findings

2-3 fold increase in Au-beam current achieved

Extended plasma density measurement range up to 1.75×10^{19} m^{-3}

Effective suppression of space-charge-induced beam divergence

Abstract

Efficient transport of high-current negative ion beams is critical for accurate plasma potential diagnostics using heavy-ion beam probe (HIBP) systems in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. However, strong space-charge effects often degrade transport efficiency, particularly for heavy ions such as Au-. In this study, we demonstrate a substantial improvement in beam transport by introducing an electrostatic lens effect through optimized voltage allocation in a multistage acceleration system. Numerical simulations using IGUN, supported by experiments with the LHD-HIBP system, show that this approach effectively suppresses space-charge-induced beam divergence and loss. Without requiring mechanical modifications to the beamline, the optimized configuration enables a 2-3 fold increase in Au-beam current injected into the tandem accelerator. Consequently, plasma potential measurements were extended to higher-density plasmas, reaching line-averaged electron densities up to $1.75\times 10^{19}$ m$^{-3}$ with improved signal-to-noise ratio. This technique offers a compact, practical, and highly effective solution for transporting high-current heavy-ion beams under space-charge-dominated conditions. Beyond its impact on plasma diagnostics, the method is broadly applicable to a wide range of accelerator systems, including those used in scientific and industrial applications where high-intensity beam transport is required.