Lattice study of scattering phase shifts for $DD^*$ and $BB^*$ systems using twisted boundary conditions: Search for bound state formation

TL;DR

This study uses lattice QCD with twisted boundary conditions to analyze scattering phase shifts of $DD^*$ and $BB^*$ systems, aiming to identify potential bound states like $T_{cc}^+$ and $T_{bb}^-$, and discusses the emergence of a shallow bound state in the $BB^*$ system.

Contribution

It introduces the use of partially twisted boundary conditions in lattice QCD to continuously vary scattering momenta and access $S$- and $P$-wave phase shifts for heavy meson systems.

Findings

Observed a peak below the $DD^*$ threshold consistent with $T_{cc}^+$.

Discussed the emergence of a shallow bound state in the $BB^*$ system at physical pion mass.

Applied relativistic heavy quark action to reduce discretization artifacts.

Abstract

We investigate the $S$- and $P$-wave phase shifts for the $DD^\ast$ and $BB^\ast$ scatterings using L\"uscher's finite-size method under twisted boundary conditions to search for doubly charmed tetraquaks, $T_{cc}^+$, and doubly bottomed tetraquarks, $T_{bb}^-$ as the hadronic bound states. The $T_{cc}^+$ state was observed as a peak just bellow the $DD^*$ threshold by LHCb Collaboration, while the $T_{bb}^-$ state is a theoretically predicted tetraquark state having heavier quark flavors $bb\bar u \bar d$. L\"uscher's finite-size method is one of the well established methods for calculating the scattering phase shifts between two hadrons in lattice QCD simulations. Several studies have used simulations under the periodic boundary condition to determine the scattering phase shifts at a few discrete momenta for the $DD^*$ system. However, the scattering phase shift has not been investigated for the $BB^*$ system. In this study, $S$- and $P$-wave scattering phase shifts for the $DD^*$ and $BB^*$ systems in both $I=0$ and $I=1$ channels under several types of partially twisted boundary conditions. The use of the partially twisted boundary conditions enables us to obtain the scattering phase shift at any momentum by continuously varying the twisting angle. It also allows us to easily access the $P$-wave scattering phase shifts through the mixing of $S$- and $P$-waves, which is induced by the imposed boundary conditions. The 2+1 flavor PACS-CS gauge ensembles at $m_\pi=295$, 411 and 569 MeV are used. For charm and bottom quarks, the relativistic heavy quark action is adopted to reduce the lattice discretization artifacts due to the heavy quark mass. We discuss the emergence of a shallow bound state with a binding energy of $O(100)$ keV at the physical pion mass in the $BB^*$ system, which has the quantum number $I(J^P)=0(1^+)$.