Microlocal analysis of non-linear operators arising in Compton CT

TL;DR

This paper develops a microlocal analysis framework for a non-linear ray transform in Compton CT, characterizing singularities and establishing injectivity and reconstruction methods despite non-smooth weights.

Contribution

It introduces a novel microlocal analysis of a non-linear, non-smooth weighted ray transform in Compton CT, linking singularities to classical Radon transform properties.

Findings

Characterizes the singularities of the non-linear ray transform.

Establishes injectivity results for the transform.

Proposes and validates new reconstruction methods.

Abstract

We present a novel microlocal analysis of a non-linear ray transform, $\mathcal{R}$, arising in Compton Scattering Tomography (CST). Due to attenuation effects in CST, the integral weights depend on the reconstruction target, $f$, which has singularities. Thus, standard linear Fourier Integral Operator (FIO) theory does not apply as the weights are non-smooth. The V-line (or broken ray) transform, $\mathcal{V}$, can be used to model the attenuation of incoming and outgoing rays. Through novel analysis of $\mathcal{V}$, we characterize the location and strength of the singularities of the ray transform weights. In conjunction, we provide new results which quantify the strength of the singularities of distributional products based on the Sobolev order of the individual components. By combining this new theory, our analysis of $\mathcal{V}$, and classical linear FIO theory, we determine the Sobolev order of the singularities of $\mathcal{R}f$. The strongest (lowest Sobolev order) singularities of $\mathcal{R}f$ are shown to correspond to the wavefront set elements of the classical Radon transform applied to $f$, and we use this idea and known results on the Radon transform to prove injectivity results for $\mathcal{R}$. In addition, we present novel reconstruction methods based on our theory, and we validate our results using simulated image reconstructions.