Revealing Flare Energetics and Dynamics with SDO EVE Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Observations

TL;DR

This paper discusses NASA's SDO EVE instrument's EUV spectral measurements since 2010, highlighting its role in studying solar flare energetics, dynamics, and Earth's upper atmosphere effects, and introduces a new data product for plasma analysis.

Contribution

It presents a comprehensive overview of EVE's solar EUV observations, including a new data product for detailed plasma line profile analysis during flares.

Findings

EVE measures over 10,000 solar flares, providing extensive data for flare physics.

EVE's spectral data reveal plasma temperature variations and plasma flows during flares.

The new Level 4 Lines data product enables detailed plasma dynamical studies.

Abstract

NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) has been making solar full-disk extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral measurements since 2010 over the spectral range of 6nm to 106nm with 0.1nm spectral resolution and with 10-60sec cadence. A primary motivation for EVE's solar EUV irradiance observations is to provide the important energy input for various studies of Earth's upper atmosphere. For example, the solar EUV creates the ionosphere, heats the thermosphere, and drives photochemistry in Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, EVE's observations have been a treasure trove for solar EUV flare spectra. While EVE measures the full-disk spectra, the flare spectrum is easily determined as the EVE spectrum minus the pre-flare spectrum, as long as only one flare event is happening at a time. These EVE flare observations provide EUV variability that have been used to study flare phases (including the discovery of the EUV Late Phase flare class), flare energetics (plasma temperature variations), corona heating (plasma abundance changes that support nano-flare heating mechanism), flare dynamics (downwelling and upwelling plasma flows during flares from Doppler shifts), and coronal mass ejections (CME) energetics (CME mass and velocity derived from coronal dimming in some EUV lines). We also introduce a new EVE data product called the EVE Level 4 Lines data product, which provides line profile-fit results for intensity, wavelength shift, and line width for 70 emission features. These emission features are from the chromosphere, transition region, and corona, and so Doppler measurements of those lines can reveal important plasma dynamical behavior during a flare's impulsive phase and gradual phase. With over 10,000 flares detected in the EVE observations, there is still much to study and to learn about solar flare physics using EVE solar EUV spectra.