On Nilpotent and Solvable Quasi-Einstein Manifolds

TL;DR

This paper classifies nilpotent and unimodular solvable Lie groups admitting totally left-invariant quasi-Einstein metrics, showing that such structures occur only on Heisenberg groups and their extensions, with implications for near-horizon geometries.

Contribution

It provides a complete classification of nilpotent and certain solvable Lie groups with quasi-Einstein metrics, highlighting the special role of Heisenberg groups and their properties.

Findings

Nilpotent Lie groups admitting quasi-Einstein metrics are exactly the Heisenberg groups.

Unimodular solvable Lie groups with such metrics have one-dimensional centers.

Under additional conditions, these groups are standard with Heisenberg nilradicals.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate nilpotent and unimodular solvable Lie groups that admit quasi-Einstein metrics $(M,g,X)$ with $X$ a left-invariant vector field, which we call totally left-invariant quasi-Einstein metrics. We give a complete classification of nilpotent Lie groups admitting such metrics, proving that this occurs if and only if the group is Heisenberg. For unimodular solvable Lie groups $S$, we show that the existence of a non-flat totally left-invariant quasi-Einstein metric forces the center of $S$ to be one-dimensional. Furthermore, under the additional assumption that the adjoint action $\operatorname{ad}_a$ of $S$ is a normal derivation, we obtain a full classification: these groups are standard and their nilradical must be Heisenberg Lie algebra. As an application, we prove that the only near-horizon geometries on a nilmanifold are $\Gamma \backslash H_{n}$, where $ H_{n}$ is $n$-dimensional Heisenberg Lie group.