NGC 6860, Mrk 915 and MCG -01-24-012. I. Spatial anti-correlation between cold molecular and ionized gas distributions in Seyfert galaxies

TL;DR

This study reveals a spatial anti-correlation between cold molecular and ionized gas in Seyfert galaxies, suggesting AGN feedback effects that dissociate molecular gas near active nuclei.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed spatial analysis of molecular and ionized gas distributions in multiple Seyfert galaxies, highlighting a common anti-correlation pattern.

Findings

Gaps in CO emission coincide with [O III] flux regions.

Most studied AGN show similar molecular-ionized gas anti-correlation.

Indicates possible AGN-driven dissociation or removal of molecular gas.

Abstract

We present a study of the cold molecular versus the ionized gas distribution in three nearby Seyfert galaxies: NGC 6860, Mrk 915 and MCG -01-24-012. To constrain the cold molecular flux distribution at $\sim$ 0.5 - 0.8$^{\prime\prime}$ ($\sim$ 150 - 400 pc) scales, we used data from the CO(2-1) emission line, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). For the ionized gas, we used Hubble Space Telescope (HST) narrow-band images, centered on the [O III]$\lambda\lambda$4959,5007 emission lines. Within the inner kiloparsec of the three galaxies, we observe gaps in the CO emission in regions co-spatial with the [O III] flux distribution, similarly to what has been recently observed in other active galaxies. From our original sample of 13 nearby AGN sources, 12 objects present the same trend. This indicates that CO molecules might be partially dissociated by AGN radiation or that there is a deficit of cold molecular gas on nuclear scales driven by ionized gas outflows/jets. If so, this represents a form of AGN feedback that is not captured when only outflow kinematics properties, such as mass outflow rates, are considered. We also discuss that part of the molecular gas might still be present in hotter H$_2$ phases, as observed already in other objects.