Structure of heavy quarkonia in a strong magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper studies how strong magnetic fields alter the internal structure of heavy quarkonia using a nonrelativistic quark model, revealing significant modifications in wave functions and state behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed nonrelativistic model incorporating spin mixing and Landau levels to analyze heavy quarkonia in magnetic fields, including wave function and structure modifications.

Findings

Transverse momentum broadening of wave functions

Minor changes in longitudinal structure with potential corrections

Structural reshuffling of excited states near avoided crossings

Abstract

We investigate the structural modifications of heavy quarkonia in the presence of strong magnetic fields using a constituent quark model. By incorporating the effects of spin mixing and quark Landau levels, we employ a nonrelativistic Hamiltonian that captures the essential features of quark dynamics in a magnetic field. The two-body Schr\"odinger equation is solved using the cylindrical Gaussian expansion method, which respects the cylindrical symmetry induced by a magnetic field. We extract the corresponding light-front wave function (LFWF) densities and analyze their transverse and longitudinal structures, revealing characteristic features such as transverse momentum broadening. While the longitudinal structure is only slightly modified within the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian, we discuss some corrections that can significantly affect its longitudinal structure. Furthermore, we discuss the structure modifications of excited states and find notable changes in the LFWF densities, and state reshuffling near avoided crossings. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of hadron structure to external magnetic fields and help bridge our understanding to relativistic approaches.