Programmable phase selection between altermagnetic and non-centrosymmetric polymorphs of MnTe on InP via molecular beam epitaxy

TL;DR

This study demonstrates how subtle surface modifications of InP substrates during molecular beam epitaxy can selectively stabilize different polymorphs of MnTe, enabling tailored physical properties for advanced electronic applications.

Contribution

It reveals a method to control MnTe polymorph phase selection via substrate surface termination, combining experimental and theoretical insights.

Findings

Phase selectivity is triggered at the interface during growth.

Surface termination influences polymorph stabilization.

High-quality films of both polymorphs are achieved.

Abstract

Phase selecting nearly degenerate crystalline polymorphs during epitaxial growth can be challenging yet is critical to targeting physical properties for specific applications. Here, we establish how phase selectivity of altermagnetic and non-centrosymmetric polymorphs of MnTe with high structural quality and phase purity can be programmed by subtle changes to the surface of lattice-matched InP substrates in molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth. Bulk altermagnetic MnTe is thermodynamically stable in the hexagonal NiAs-structure and is synthesized here on the (111)A surface (In-terminated) of InP, while the non-centrosymmetric, cubic ZnS-structure with wide band gap (> 3eV) is stabilized on the (111)B surface (P-terminated). Here we use electron microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction, which together indicate that the phase selection is triggered at the interface and proceeds along the growing surface. First principles calculations suggest that interfacial termination and strain have a significant effect on the interfacial energy; stabilizing the NiAs polymorph on the In-terminated surface and the ZnS structure on the P-terminated surface. Selectively grown, high-quality films of MnTe polymorphs are key platforms that will enable our understanding of the novel properties of these materials, thereby facilitating their use in new applications ranging from spintronics to microelectronic devices.