Regional Frequency-Constrained Planning for the Optimal Sizing of Power Systems via Enhanced Input Convex Neural Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a regional frequency-constrained planning model for power system sizing that incorporates spatial frequency differences, using enhanced input convex neural networks and an adaptive genetic algorithm for improved security and investment decisions.

Contribution

It develops a novel regional frequency security model using enhanced ICNNs and integrates it into power system planning, addressing spatial frequency variations neglected in prior studies.

Findings

Effectively captures regional frequency security constraints.

Improves planning accuracy with enhanced neural network fitting.

Demonstrates effectiveness through case studies on multiple power systems.

Abstract

Large renewable penetration has been witnessed in power systems, resulting in reduced levels of system inertia and increasing requirements for frequency response services. There have been plenty of studies developing frequency-constrained models for power system security. However, most existing literature only considers uniform frequency security, while neglecting frequency spatial differences in different regions. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a novel planning model for the optimal sizing problem of power systems, capturing regional frequency security and inter-area frequency oscillations. Specifically, regional frequency constraints are first extracted via an enhanced input convex neural network (ICNN) and then embedded into the original optimisation for frequency security, where a principled weight initialisation strategy is adopted to deal with the gradient vanishing issues of non-negative weights in traditional ICNNs and enhance its fitting ability. An adaptive genetic algorithm with sparsity calculation and local search is developed to separate the planning model into two stages and effectively solve it iteratively. Case studies have been conducted on three different power systems to verify the effectiveness of the proposed frequency-constrained planning model in ensuring regional system security and obtaining realistic investment decisions.