Enabling Scalability in Asynchronous and Bidirectional Communication in LPWAN

TL;DR

This paper introduces SNOW, a scalable LPWAN technology that uses D-OFDM and Gold code-based sequences to enable thousands of sensors to transmit and receive data asynchronously with low latency and energy efficiency.

Contribution

The paper advances LPWAN scalability by developing a novel D-OFDM-based system with non-interfering PN sequences, enabling massive concurrent data transmission and reception.

Findings

Achieves approximately 9x more scalability in SNOW.

Demonstrates timely data collection and energy efficiency.

Enables tens of thousands of sensors in IoT applications.

Abstract

LPWANs have become ubiquitous due to their ability to connect sensors over large geographic areas in a single hop. It is, however, very challenging to achieve massive scalability in LPWANs, where numerous sensors can transmit data efficiently and with low latency, which emerging IoT and CPS applications may require. In this paper, we address the above challenges by significantly advancing an LPWAN technology called SNOW. SNOW exploits distributed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, D-OFDM, subcarriers to enable parallel reception of data to a BS from multiple asynchronous sensors, each using a different subcarrier. In this paper, we achieve massive scalability in SNOW by enabling the BS to decode concurrent data from numerous asynchronous sensors on the same subcarrier while parallelly decoding from other subcarriers as well. Additionally, we enable numerous asynchronous sensors to receive distinct data from the BS on the same subcarrier while other sensors also receive data parallelly on other subcarriers. To do this, we develop a set of Gold code-based pseudorandom noise or PN sequences that are mutually non-interfering within and across the subcarriers. Each sensor uses its PN sequence from the set for encoding or decoding data on its subcarriers, enabling massive concurrency. Our evaluation results demonstrate that we can achieve approximately 9x more scalability in SNOW while being timely in data collection at the BS and energy efficient at the sensors. This may enable emerging IoT and CPS applications requiring tens of thousands of sensors with longer battery life and making data-driven, time-sensitive decisions.