Quantum thermodynamics in a rotating BTZ black hole spacetime

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermalization of a quantum detector near a rotating BTZ black hole, revealing asymmetries in heating and cooling influenced by black hole spin using quantum thermodynamics tools.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed quantum thermodynamic analysis of a detector in a BTZ black hole spacetime, highlighting the effects of angular momentum and Hawking radiation.

Findings

Detector heats faster than it cools, showing a quantum Mpemba effect.

Black hole spin affects the asymmetry magnitude in thermolization.

Hawking radiation influences the detector's thermal behavior.

Abstract

We address the problem of the thermalization process for an Unruh-DeWitt (UDW) detector outside a BTZ black hole, from a perspective of quantum thermodynamics. In the context of an open quantum system, we derive the complete dynamics of the detector, which encodes a complicated response to scalar background fields. Using various information theory tools, such as quantum relative entropy, quantum heat, coherence, quantum Fisher information, and quantum speed of evolution, we examined three quantum thermodynamic laws for the UDW detector, where the influences from BTZ angular momentum and Hawking radiation are investigated. In particular, based on information geometry theory, we find an intrinsic asymmetry in the detector's thermolization process as it undergoes Hawking radiation from the BTZ black hole. In particular, we find that the detector consistently heats faster than it cools, analogous to the quantum Mpemba effect for nonequilibrium systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that the spin of a black hole significantly influences the magnitude of the asymmetry, while preserving the dominance of heating over cooling.