Practical blueprint for low-depth photonic quantum computing with quantum dots

TL;DR

This paper presents a practical blueprint for a low-optical-depth, fault-tolerant photonic quantum computer using quantum dots, integrating deterministic photon sources and fusion-based architecture.

Contribution

It introduces a complete design leveraging quantum dots, adaptive fusion, and optimized architecture to enable scalable, resource-efficient photonic quantum computing.

Findings

Error correction can be executed within microseconds per logical cycle.

Simulation shows fault-tolerance thresholds considering real-world quantum dot errors.

Resource estimates indicate feasible logical qubit preparation with current technology.

Abstract

Fusion-based quantum computing is an attractive model for fault-tolerant computation based on photonics requiring only finite-sized entangled resource states followed by linear-optics operations and photon measurements. Large-scale implementations have so far been limited due to the access only to probabilistic photon sources, vulnerability to photon loss, and the need for massive multiplexing. Deterministic photon sources offer an alternative and resource-efficient route. By synergistically integrating deterministic photon emission, adaptive repeat-until-success fusions, and an optimised architectural design, we propose a complete blueprint for a photonic quantum computer using quantum dots and linear optics. It features time-bin qubit encoding, reconfigurable entangled-photon sources, and a fusion-based architecture with low optical connectivity, significantly reducing the required optical depth per photon and resource overheads. We present in detail the hardware required for resource-state generation and fusion networking, experimental pulse sequences, and exact resource estimates for preparing a logical qubit. We estimate that one logical clock cycle of error correction can be executed within microseconds, which scales linearly with the code distance. We also simulate error thresholds for fault-tolerance by accounting for a full catalogue of intrinsic error sources found in real-world quantum dot devices. Our work establishes a practical blueprint for a low-optical-depth, emitter-based fault-tolerant photonic quantum computer.