Evaluation of hydrogen diffusion and trapping in ferritic steels containing (Ti,Cr)C particles using electrochemical permeation and thermal desorption spectroscopy

TL;DR

This study investigates how fine (Ti,Cr)C particles in ferritic steels influence hydrogen diffusion and trapping, using electrochemical permeation and thermal desorption spectroscopy, revealing significant effects of particle size on hydrogen behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a combined experimental and modeling approach to evaluate hydrogen trapping parameters in ferritic steels with (Ti,Cr)C particles, highlighting challenges in uniquely determining trapping parameters.

Findings

Fine (<5 nm) (Ti,Cr)C particles significantly slow hydrogen diffusion.

Hydrogen traps exhibit high energy barriers, indicating strong trapping.

Multiple trapping parameter sets can fit the measurements, showing overdetermination.

Abstract

Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in ferritic steels containing (Ti,Cr)C particles was investigated using electrochemical permeation (EP) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The trapping parameters for the test materials were evaluated by fitting the measurements with a finite element model based on the McNabb-Foster equations using least-squares optimisation. The measurements showed that hydrogen diffusion in ferrite is slowed significantly by the presence of fine (<5 nm) (Ti,Cr)C particles; coarser particles had little or no effect. The TDS measurements were consistent with hydrogen traps with a high energy barrier. The uniqueness of the hydrogen trapping parameters obtained using the fitting procedure was evaluated. It was found that the system was overdetermined; the measurements could be fitted with multiple combinations of trapping parameters. Consequently, it was not possible to determine the individual trapping parameters using this procedure. Trapping parameters were also evaluated from TDS measurements by applying Kissinger's equation. Using this procedure a trap binding energy of 0.24 eV was calculated for all materials, albeit with a high degree of uncertainty.