Privacy-Preserving Multimodal News Recommendation through Federated Learning

TL;DR

This paper proposes a multimodal federated learning framework for personalized news recommendation that effectively integrates content features, models user interests over time, and preserves user privacy through secure aggregation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multimodal, time-aware federated learning approach that enhances recommendation accuracy while safeguarding user privacy in news systems.

Findings

Outperforms existing recommendation systems on real-world datasets.

Effectively balances long-term and short-term user interests.

Ensures user privacy with secure gradient aggregation.

Abstract

Personalized News Recommendation systems (PNR) have emerged as a solution to information overload by predicting and suggesting news items tailored to individual user interests. However, traditional PNR systems face several challenges, including an overreliance on textual content, common neglect of short-term user interests, and significant privacy concerns due to centralized data storage. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a novel multimodal federated learning-based approach for news recommendation. First, it integrates both textual and visual features of news items using a multimodal model, enabling a more comprehensive representation of content. Second, it employs a time-aware model that balances users' long-term and short-term interests through multi-head self-attention networks, improving recommendation accuracy. Finally, to enhance privacy, a federated learning framework is implemented, enabling collaborative model training without sharing user data. The framework divides the recommendation model into a large server-maintained news model and a lightweight user model shared between the server and clients. The client requests news representations (vectors) and a user model from the central server, then computes gradients with user local data, and finally sends their locally computed gradients to the server for aggregation. The central server aggregates gradients to update the global user model and news model. The updated news model is further used to infer news representation by the server. To further safeguard user privacy, a secure aggregation algorithm based on Shamir's secret sharing is employed. Experiments on a real-world news dataset demonstrate strong performance compared to existing systems, representing a significant advancement in privacy-preserving personalized news recommendation.