The Bundles of Intercrossing Fibers of the Extensor Mechanism of the Fingers Greatly Influence the Transmission of Muscle Forces

TL;DR

This study uses a detailed numerical model to show that intercrossing fiber bundles in the finger's extensor mechanism significantly influence force transmission and vary with finger posture, challenging simplified models.

Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive fiber bundle model of the extensor mechanism, highlighting the critical role of intercrossing fibers often omitted in prior simplified models.

Findings

Intercrossing fiber bundles greatly affect force transmission.

Force transmission varies with finger posture.

Including fiber bundles alters force distribution predictions.

Abstract

The extensor mechanism is a tendinous structure that plays an important role in finger function. It transmits forces from several intrinsic and extrinsic muscles to multiple bony attachments along the finger via sheets of collagen fibers. The most important attachments are located at the base of the middle and distal phalanges. How the forces from the muscles contribute to the forces at the attachment points, however, is not fully known. In addition to the well-accepted extensor medial and interosseous lateral bands of the extensor mechanism, there exist two layers of intercrossing fiber bundles (superficial interosseous medial fiber layer and deeper extensor lateral fiber layer), connecting them. In contrast to its common idealization as a minimal network of distinct strings, we built a numerical model consisting of fiber bundles to evaluate the role of multiple intercrossing fiber bundles in the production of static finger forces. We compared this more detailed model of the extensor mechanism to the idealized minimal network that only includes the extensor medial and interosseous lateral bands. We find that including bundles of intercrossing fiber bundles significantly affects force transmission, which itself depends on finger posture. We conclude that the intercrossing fiber bundles - traditionally left out in prior models since Zancolli's simplification - play an important role in force transmission and variation of the latter with posture.