Pressure-Induced Low-Spin State Destabilization and Piezo-Chromic Effect in an Iron(II) Spin Crossover Complex with Pyrazol-Pyridine-Triazolate Coordination Core

TL;DR

This study investigates how pressure influences the spin states and optical properties of a novel iron(II) spin crossover complex, revealing unusual pressure-induced stabilization of the high-spin state and a piezo-chromic effect.

Contribution

It introduces a new iron(II) SCO complex with unique pressure-dependent spin and optical behaviors, expanding understanding of pressure effects on molecular spin states.

Findings

Pressure increases lead to stabilization of the high-spin state.

Thermal hysteresis width expands under pressure.

Unusual pressure-induced stabilization of high-spin state observed.

Abstract

Rapidly developing science and technology demand new materials with versatile and promising properties for practical applications. In this context, pseudo-octahedral iron(II) spin crossover (SCO) complexes are particularly appealing - not only for their fundamental scientific interest but also for their potential as key components in the development of multifunctional switchable molecular materials and novel technological applications. This work presents the synthesis and structure of a new mononuclear SCO complex [FeII(L)2]0*nMeOH (n = 2, 0) where L is the asymmetrically substituted tridentate ligand [4-trifluoromethylphenyl-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine]. Due to high trigonal distortion, the solvated form (n = 2) remains high spin (HS) at all temperatures. In contrast, the more regular Oh geometry of the unsolvated form, 4CF3, favors a complete spin transition (ST) at room temperature, which has been investigated, in the pressure interval 0-0.64 GPa, by means of its magnetic and optical properties. Contrary to intuition and experience, the increase of pressure on 4CF3 denotes a radically abnormal behavior of this ST, involving: i) decrease of the characteristic temperatures, ii) increase of the high-spin molar fraction in the temperature range where the low-spin state is stable at ambient pressure; iii) increase of the thermal hysteresis width; and iv) above certain threshold pressure, full stabilization of the high-spin state. All these observations have been explained in the framework of a thermodynamic that model based on the elastic interactions.