MedSR-Impact: Transformer-Based Super-Resolution for Lung CT Segmentation, Radiomics, Classification, and Prognosis

TL;DR

This paper introduces TVSRN-V2, a transformer-based super-resolution model that improves lung CT image quality and downstream analysis accuracy, enabling dose-efficient imaging and reliable clinical decision support.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel transformer-based super-resolution framework for lung CTs, incorporating scalable components and augmentation techniques to enhance clinical analysis tasks.

Findings

+4% Dice in segmentation accuracy

Higher radiomic feature reproducibility

Improved prognostic performance (+0.06 C-index and AUC)

Abstract

High-resolution volumetric computed tomography (CT) is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in thoracic diseases; however, it is limited by radiation dose and hardware costs. We present the Transformer Volumetric Super-Resolution Network (\textbf{TVSRN-V2}), a transformer-based super-resolution (SR) framework designed for practical deployment in clinical lung CT analysis. Built from scalable components, including Through-Plane Attention Blocks (TAB) and Swin Transformer V2 -- our model effectively reconstructs fine anatomical details in low-dose CT volumes and integrates seamlessly with downstream analysis pipelines. We evaluate its effectiveness on three critical lung cancer tasks -- lobe segmentation, radiomics, and prognosis -- across multiple clinical cohorts. To enhance robustness across variable acquisition protocols, we introduce pseudo-low-resolution augmentation, simulating scanner diversity without requiring private data. TVSRN-V2 demonstrates a significant improvement in segmentation accuracy (+4\% Dice), higher radiomic feature reproducibility, and enhanced predictive performance (+0.06 C-index and AUC). These results indicate that SR-driven recovery of structural detail significantly enhances clinical decision support, positioning TVSRN-V2 as a well-engineered, clinically viable system for dose-efficient imaging and quantitative analysis in real-world CT workflows.