Spin Faraday pattern formation in a circular spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with stripe phase

TL;DR

This paper explores how periodic modulation in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with stripe phase leads to controllable Faraday patterns exhibiting supersolid properties, revealing new ways to manipulate quantum fluids.

Contribution

It demonstrates the formation and control of Faraday patterns in a stripe-phase SOC BEC, highlighting symmetry breaking and supersolid characteristics without initial noise.

Findings

Out-of-phase modulation destabilizes L=6 pattern at critical frequency

In-phase modulation preserves symmetry and excites higher modes

Patterns exhibit supersolid features and controllable properties

Abstract

We investigate the spin Faraday pattern formation in a periodically driven, pancake-shaped spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) prepared with stripe phase. By modulating atomic interactions using in-phase and out-of-phase protocols, we observe collective excitation modes with distinct rotational symmetries (L-fold). Crucially, at the critical modulation frequency, out-of-phase modulation destabilizes the L = 6 pattern, whereas in-phase modulation not only preserves high symmetry but also excites higher-order modes. Unlike conventional binary BECs, Faraday patterns emerge here without initial noise due to SOC-induced symmetry breaking, with all patterns exhibiting supersolid characteristics. Furthermore, we demonstrate control over pattern symmetry, radial nodes, and pattern radius by tuning the modulation frequency, providing a new approach for manipulating quantum fluid dynamics. This work establishes a platform for exploring supersolidity and nonlinear excitations in SOC systems with stripe phase.