Exploring Spatially-Resolved Metallicities, Dynamics and Outflows in Low-Mass Galaxies at $z \sim 7.6$

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution JWST observations to analyze low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies at $z \\sim 7.6$, revealing flat metallicity gradients, kinematic properties, and outflows, providing insights into early galaxy evolution and feedback mechanisms.

Contribution

First detailed spatially-resolved metallicity and kinematic analysis of low-mass galaxies at high redshift, linking outflows and AGN feedback to early galaxy evolution.

Findings

Flat metallicity gradients suggest ISM redistribution by outflows or mergers.

Low rotational support ($v_{rot}/\sigma < 1$) indicates early cosmic times' dynamics.

Detected outflows with velocities $250-500$ km/s and inferred rates of $8-14$ M$_\odot$/yr.

Abstract

A majority of JWST/NIRSpec/IFU studies at high redshifts to date have focused on UV-bright or massive objects, while our understanding of low-mass galaxies at early cosmic times remains limited. In this work, we present NIRSpec/IFS high-resolution observations of two low-mass ($M_* < 10^9 \ M_\odot$), low-metallicity ($[12 + \log(\text{O/H})] < 8$) galaxies at $z \sim 7.66$, one of which we identify as hosting a Type-II AGN. We measure flat strong-line metallicity gradients, suggestive of ISM redistribution by outflows or past merging, but also identify tension with the direct-$T_\text{e}$ metallicity gradient in one galaxy. We measure $v_\text{rot}/\sigma < 1$ in both galaxies, consistent with observations of lower rotational support at early cosmic times. We identify broad kinematical components decoupled from galactic rotation with velocities of $\sim 250 - 500 \ \text{km} \ \text{s}^{-1}$ and argue these components trace outflows, for which we infer outflow rates of $\sim 8 - 14 \ M_\odot \ \text{yr}^{-1}$ with $v_\text{out}/v_\text{esc} \sim 1$. We compare our findings to results from the new large-volume AESOPICA simulations, which fully incorporate different models of black hole growth and AGN feedback. We find that our observational results of $v_\text{out}/v_\text{esc}$ are consistent with the simulated dwarf AGN population, hinting AGN-driven feedback may contribute to quenching both in our systems and in a wider population of low-mass galaxies in the early Universe. This novel study illustrates the necessity of deep IFU observations to decompose the complex kinematics and morphology of high-$z$ galaxies, trace outflows, and constrain the effect of feedback in the early Universe.