Wigner quasi-probability distribution for symmetric multi-quDit systems and their generalized heat kernel

TL;DR

This paper develops a framework for symmetric multi-quDit quantum systems using generalized Wigner functions on complex projective spaces, analyzing their properties, non-classicality, and heat kernel relations, with applications to qubits and qutrits.

Contribution

It introduces a one-parameter family of quasi-probability distributions for symmetric multi-quDit systems using generalized Fano operators and Stratonovich-Weyl kernels, extending phase-space analysis.

Findings

Analyzes phase-space structure of symmetric multi-quDit states.

Provides plots of Wigner functions for qubits and qutrits.

Derives generalized heat kernel and twisted Moyal product.

Abstract

For a symmetric $N$-quDit system described by a density matrix $\rho$, we construct a one-parameter $s$ family $\mathcal{F}^{(s)}_\rho$ of quasi-probability distributions through generalized Fano multipole operators and Stratonovich-Weyl kernels. The corresponding phase space is the complex projective ${C}P^{D-1}=U(D)/U(D-1)\times U(1)$, related to fully symmetric irreducible representations of the unitary group $U(D)$. For the particular cases $D=2$ (qubits) and $D=3$ (qutrits), we analyze the phase-space structure of Schr\"odinger $U(D)$-spin cat (parity adapted coherent) states and we provide plots of the corresponding Wigner $\mathcal{F}^{(0)}_\rho$ function. We examine the connection between non-classical behavior and the negativity of the Wigner function. We also compute the generalized heat kernel relating two quasi-probability distributions $\mathcal{F}^{(s)}_\rho$ and $\mathcal{F}^{(s')}_\rho$, with $t=(s'-s)/2$ playing the role of ``time'', together with their twisted Moyal product in terms of a trikernel. In the thermodynamic limit $N\to\infty$, we recover the usual Gaussian smoothing for $s'>s$. A diagramatic interpretation of the phase-space construction in terms of Young tableaux is also provided.