Time Entangled Quantum Blockchain with Phase Encoding for Classical Data

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel quantum blockchain architecture that combines time-entangled GHZ states with phase encoding to enhance security and scalability in quantum data structures.

Contribution

It proposes a new quantum blockchain framework integrating temporal GHZ entanglement and phase encoding, improving security and efficiency over previous schemes.

Findings

Combines GHZ entanglement with phase encoding for quantum blockchains.

Achieves conceptual information-theoretic security against undetected measurement attacks.

Enhances scalability and efficiency of quantum blockchain data structures.

Abstract

With rapid advancements in quantum computing, it is widely anticipated that scalable quantum hardware may threaten classical cryptography and hence, the internet and the current information security infrastructure in the coming decade. This is mainly due to the operational realizations of quantum algorithms such as Grover and Shor, to which the current classical encryption protocols are vulnerable. Blockchains, i.e., blockchain data structures and their data, rely heavily on classical cryptography. One approach to secure blockchains is to attempt to achieve conceptual information-theoretic security under certain assumptions by defining blockchains on quantum technologies. There have been two major conceptualizations of blockchains data structures on quantum registers: the time-entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state blockchain and the quantum hypergraph blockchain. We conceptualize a new quantum blockchain framework combining features of both these schemes to achieve the conceptual information-theoretic protection against undetected measurement attack (physics-based disturbance detectability) of the time-entangled GHZ blockchain and the scalability and efficiency of the quantum hypergraph blockchain in the proposed quantum blockchain data structure and framework. In this work, we propose a novel quantum blockchain architecture that integrates temporal GHZ entanglement with phase encoding inspired by the quantum hypergraph blockchain. The proposed design combines the conceptual information-theoretic tamper sensitivity/resistance of temporal entanglement with improved encoding efficiency, offering a unified conceptual framework for scalable and secure quantum blockchains.