Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystal-Based Silicon Photonic Modulator Demonstrated at 102 Gbit/s PAM-4
Li-Yuan Chiang, Gianlorenzo Masini, Rih-You Chen, Chirag Patel, Pavel Savechenkov, Yi-Jen Chiu, Cory Pecinovsky, and Jason W. Sickler

TL;DR
This paper demonstrates a high-speed silicon photonic modulator using ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal technology, achieving 102 Gbit/s PAM-4 data transmission within the C-band at low voltage.
Contribution
It is the first to integrate ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals with silicon photonics for ultra-fast modulation at 102 Gbit/s.
Findings
Achieved 102 Gbit/s PAM-4 modulation
Operates at 3.5 V DC bias within the C-band
Uses Pockels effect in a Mach-Zehnder modulator
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of a hybrid integrated silicon and ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal modulator achieving 102~Gbit per second PAM-4 modulation. Operating within the C-band at a 3.5 V DC bias, this Pockels-based Mach-Zehnder modulator exhibits a of 0.3 Vcm.
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