A Fault-Tolerant Architecture for Urban and Rural Digital Connectivity: Synergizing SDWMN, Direct-to-Mobile Broadcasting, and Hybrid Cloud Streaming

TL;DR

This paper introduces an integrated, fault-tolerant network architecture combining SDWMN, D2M broadcasting, and hybrid cloud streaming to enhance urban and rural connectivity, reduce latency, and improve fairness.

Contribution

It presents a novel combined architecture and modeling approach that addresses urban congestion and rural digital exclusion with proven performance improvements.

Findings

Latency reduced by over 32% in experiments.

Bandwidth offloading achieved at 40%.

Rural coverage increased by 28%.

Abstract

We propose an integrated architecture combining Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Networks (SDWMN), Direct-to-Mobile (D2M) broadcasting, and Kafka-based hybrid cloud streaming to improve wireless network performance in both urban and rural settings. The approach addresses urban congestion and rural digital exclusion through traffic offloading, enhanced fault tolerance, and equitable resource allocation. We model urban congestion $\rho_u = \lambda_t / \mu_c$ and rural coverage deficit $\delta_r = 1 - C_r / C_{req}$, and aim to minimize global performance loss $GPL = w_1 \cdot \rho_u + w_2 \cdot \delta_r + w_3 \cdot T_{rec}$, where $T_{rec}$ is recovery time. Experiments in Bangkok, Mumbai, and rural Finland demonstrate latency reduction over 32%, bandwidth offloading of 40%, rural coverage gain of 28%, and fairness index rising from 0.78 to 0.91. The system achieves recovery under 10 s using SDWMN and Kafka. We recommend optimal spectrum allocation $\alpha_s$, targeted subsidies, and device mandates to promote adoption. This scalable, fault-tolerant design supports equitable digital transformation and suggests directions for future research.