Stable commutator length on free $\mathbb{Q}$-groups

TL;DR

This paper investigates stable commutator length on free rational groups, proving positivity for non-identity elements, embedding properties, and the existence of infinite-dimensional quasimorphism spaces, thus advancing understanding of algebraic and geometric structures.

Contribution

It establishes positivity of stable commutator length on free $Q$-groups, embeds free groups isometrically, and constructs infinite-dimensional quasimorphism spaces, addressing open questions in the field.

Findings

Every non-identity element has positive stable commutator length.

Free $Q$-groups embed isometrically into free groups.

Non-orientable surface groups embed isometrically into free $Q$-groups.

Abstract

We study stable commutator length on free $\mathbb{Q}$-groups. We prove that every non-identity element has positive stable commutator length, and that the corresponding free group embeds isometrically. We deduce that a non-abelian free $\mathbb{Q}$-group has an infinite-dimensional space of homogeneous quasimorphisms modulo homomorphisms, answering a question of Casals-Ruiz, Garreta, and de la Nuez Gonz{\'a}lez. We conjecture that stable commutator length is rational on free $\mathbb{Q}$-groups. This is connected to the long-standing problem of rationality on surface groups: indeed, we show that free $\mathbb{Q}$-groups contain isometrically embedded copies of non-orientable surface groups.