Chameleon Gravity as an Alternative to Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper explores chameleon gravity as an alternative explanation for dark matter, demonstrating its ability to reproduce flat galactic rotation curves and related gravitational effects without invoking dark matter particles.

Contribution

It provides a novel analysis of chameleon scalar fields in galactic halos, showing they can mimic dark matter effects and align with observational data and standard cosmological models.

Findings

Chameleon scalar field mass varies linearly with galaxy radius.

Tangential velocity remains constant, matching observed flat rotation curves.

Gravitational lensing and time delay effects are consistent with observations.

Abstract

By studying the chameleon gravity on galaxy scales, we investigate the effects of the chameleon dark matter. To perform this task, we consider the dynamics of the chameleon scalar field in the region of galactic halos in static spherically symmetric spacetimes that differ only slightly from classical general relativity, but have similar symmetry behind this region. Hence, we demonstrate its ability to act as dark matter. In fact, by obtaining the expression for the tangential speed in this region, we apply this approach to explain the issue of flat galactic rotation curves. We obtain that the mass associated with the chameleon scalar field varies linearly with the radius of galaxy, and hence, the tangential speed in that region is constant, which is consistent with observational data without any need to introduce a mysterious dark matter. Accordingly, we show that the presented chameleon gravity has a well-defined Newtonian limit and can describe the geometry of spacetime in the region of flat galactic rotation curves, and is consistent with the corresponding results of the $ \Lambda CDM $ model with the NFW profile. We also consider a test particle moving in a timelike geodesic and obtain the fifth-force, which varies proportionally to the inverse of the radius of galaxy. Moreover, we obtain the effects on the angle representing the deflection of light and on the time representing the radar echo delay of photons passing through the region of galactic halos. We show that as the radius of galaxy increases, the effect on the angle of light passing through the region around galactic halos decreases. Also, the obtained result indicates that the relevant time delay decreases with increasing radius towards the end of the galactic halo.