Robustness of analogue Hawking radiation in cavities with moving boundaries

TL;DR

This paper investigates the robustness of thermal radiation in dynamical Casimir systems with moving boundaries, analyzing how various configurations affect the emergence of Hawking-like radiation and its deviations from ideal thermal spectra.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of particle production spectra in cavities with moving boundaries, identifying conditions for thermal signatures and quantifying deviations using gray-body factors.

Findings

Thermal signatures depend on cavity configuration and parameters.

Oscillatory deviations from thermal spectra are linked to acceleration duration.

Finite-size effects and transients influence the observed radiation spectra.

Abstract

In this work we explore the limitations and robustness of thermal radiation in dynamical Casimir systems serving as analogs for Hawking radiation. Through detailed numerical analysis, we characterize particle production spectra in cavities with moving boundaries under various configurations, including expanding, collapsing, and rigidly accelerating scenarios. We find that thermal signatures emerge in specific expanding cavity configurations but are highly dependent on frequency bands and acceleration parameters. In those configurations of the cavity where there is thermal production, we derive fitting expressions that quantify deviations from idealized thermal spectra through gray-body factors, revealing oscillatory behaviors tied to acceleration duration. Our results identify which experimental setups can reliably simulate gravitationally-induced phenomena and quantify how finite-size effects and transient dynamics modify the expected thermal distributions, providing a comprehensive framework for distinguishing genuine Hawking-like radiation from experimental artifacts.