Challenges in the nonlinear evolution of unequal mass binaries in sGB gravity

TL;DR

This paper presents the first full nonlinear simulations of unequal mass binary black holes in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, highlighting challenges in initial data setup and the importance of accurate waveform modeling for testing gravity theories.

Contribution

It provides the first successful simulations of 2:1 and 3:1 binaries in sGB gravity, analyzing how initial data choices influence dephasing and waveform reliability.

Findings

Simulations of unequal mass binaries in sGB gravity are now feasible.

Dephasing matches PN predictions for weaker couplings.

Initial data transients can cause artificial deviations at larger couplings.

Abstract

It has only recently become possible to simulate the full nonlinear dynamics of binary black holes in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories of gravity. The simulations remain technically challenging and evolutions of unequal mass binaries in particular have been difficult to follow through the merger. Even when the merger is successful, accurately quantifying the physical dephasing, as opposed to contributions from transients in the initial data and gauge adjustments, remains difficult. We show the first full simulations of 2:1 and 3:1 binaries through merger, and we discuss how specific choices in the setup affect the dephasing observed and our ability to obtain reliable results. In cases with weaker couplings, we match the expected PN value for the dephasing, whereas for larger couplings, eccentricity introduced by the initial data transients can lead to artificial deviations. Our work highlights the need for improvements in the initial data methods used, to ensure reliable waveforms are obtained for data analysis in beyond-GR models.