CubeSat Orbit Insertion Maneuvering Using J2 Perturbation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel CubeSat orbit insertion technique that leverages Earth's natural J2 perturbation to reduce fuel consumption and improve orbital accuracy, validated through extensive simulations.

Contribution

It presents a new maneuvering strategy that exploits J2 perturbation effects for efficient orbital insertion, minimizing propulsion needs for fuel-constrained CubeSat missions.

Findings

Significant reduction in fuel consumption compared to traditional methods

Effective passive control of orbital parameters using J2 perturbation

Validated approach through comprehensive numerical simulations

Abstract

The precise insertion of CubeSats into designated orbits is a complex task, primarily due to the limited propulsion capabilities and constrained fuel reserves onboard, which severely restrict the scope for large orbital corrections. This limitation necessitates the development of more efficient maneuvering techniques to ensure mission success. In this paper, we propose a maneuvering sequence that exploits the natural J2 perturbation caused by the Earth's oblateness. By utilizing the secular effects of this perturbation, it is possible to passively influence key orbital parameters such as the argument of perigee and the right ascension of the ascending node, thereby reducing the need for extensive propulsion-based corrections. The approach is designed to optimize the CubeSat's orbital insertion and minimize the total fuel required for trajectory adjustments, making it particularly suitable for fuel-constrained missions. The proposed methodology is validated through comprehensive numerical simulations that examine different initial orbital conditions and perturbation environments. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the J2-augmented strategy in achieving accurate orbital insertion, showing a major reduction in fuel consumption compared to traditional methods. The results underscore the potential of this approach to extend the operational life and capabilities of CubeSats, offering a viable solution for future low-Earth orbit missions.