A graphene platform for nano scale coherent interaction of surface plasmons with resonant atomic ensembles

TL;DR

This paper introduces a graphene-based platform enabling nanoscale coherent interactions between surface plasmons and atomic ensembles, with potential applications in quantum memory and integrated quantum devices.

Contribution

It develops a theoretical framework for coherent plasmon-atom interactions on graphene, including analytical solutions and conditions for stable pulse propagation at the nanoscale.

Findings

Derives the modified area theorem for graphene plasmon-atom systems.

Identifies conditions for stable propagation of fractional-area plasmon pulses.

Proposes a platform for nanoscale quantum memory and device integration.

Abstract

We propose a 2D graphene structure containing atomic ensemble as a platform for implementing nanoscale enhanced coherent interactions of plasmonic fields with resonant atomic systems. We determine the graphene surface plasmon modes, and the properties of its electromagnetic fields, and emphasize the role of graphene sheet separation on the interaction with atomic systems for various dipole orientations and positions between the graphene sheets. We analyze the conditions for implementation of coherent interaction of SP mode with resonant atomic ensembles. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations that govern the resonant interaction of surface plasmons with atoms, we derive the modified area theorem, which makes it possible to identify the most common nonlinear patterns in the behavior of plasmons under the studied conditions. We obtain analytical and numerical solutions of the area theorem, and find the possibility of stable propagation of isolated SP pulses of graphene surface plasmon modes at "fractional" pulse area values relative to $\pi$. We show that the coherent dynamics of SP fields can be realized in nanoscale design and we highlight the possibilities of using this scheme of coherent dynamics for implementing compact multimode nanoscale quantum memory and its integration with other quantum devices on the proposed platform.