Ratchet Effects in Cyclic Pattern Formation Systems with Competing Interactions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel collective ratchet effect in pattern-forming systems with competing interactions on asymmetric substrates, showing how oscillating interaction potentials induce directional transport.

Contribution

It introduces a new type of ratchet effect arising from oscillating interaction potentials in pattern-forming systems with competing interactions and asymmetric substrates.

Findings

Maximum ratchet efficiency depends on interaction strength, drive frequency, and particle density.

Both positive and reversed ratchet effects are observed.

System cycles between crystal and bubble states due to oscillating interactions.

Abstract

Ratchet effects can appear for particles interacting with an asymmetric potential under ac driving or for a thermal system in which a substrate is periodically flashed. Here, we show that a new type of collective ratchet effect can arise for a pattern-forming system coupled to an asymmetric substrate when the interaction potential between the particles is periodically oscillated in order to cycle the system through different patterns. We consider particles with competing short-range attraction and long-range repulsion subjected to time-dependent oscillations of the ratio between the attractive and repulsive interaction terms, which causes the system to cycle periodically between crystal and bubble states. In the presence of the substrate, this system exhibits both a positive and a reversed ratchet effect, and we show that there is a maximum in the ratchet efficiency as a function of interaction strength, ac drive frequency, and particle density. Our results could be realized for a variety of pattern-forming systems on asymmetric substrates where the pattern type or particle interactions can be oscillated.