Precision Thermometry of Flat Flames Using Spatially Resolved Multi-Color Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide

TL;DR

This paper presents a highly accurate, spatially resolved laser absorption method for measuring gas temperatures in flames, achieving 1 mm spatial resolution and 1% uncertainty, suitable for advanced combustion research.

Contribution

It introduces a novel dual-laser absorption technique combined with high-speed beam scanning and nonlinear inference for precise thermometry in complex flames.

Findings

Achieved 1 mm spatial resolution at 200 Hz measurement speed.

Validated measurements against theoretical adiabatic flame temperature.

Demonstrated high contrast and precision in complex flame geometries.

Abstract

This work developed an accurate and robust absorption-based method for spatially resolved measurements of gas temperatures in flames and reacting flows, with typical single-measurement uncertainties on the order of 1\%. This method exploits narrow-linewidth laser absorption of hot CO$_2$ molecules, which can be generated from combustion or artificially seeded into the flow. A collinear dual-laser setup allowed for periodic scans over tens of CO$_2$ absorption transitions near the $\nu_3$ bandhead every 100 $\mu s$, from which gas temperatures (as well as CO$_2$ concentrations) were determined with high sensitivity and robustness. Spatially resolved measurements were achieved using an electrically driven high-speed beam scanning system consisting of a 2-D galvo scanner and a pair of off-axis parabolic mirrors. An effective spatial resolution of 1 mm was achieved at a planar field measurement speed of 200 Hz and a volumetric field measurement speed of 2 Hz. A physically constrained nonlinear inference framework was also developed for the quantitative analysis of the measurement data. Proof-of-concept experiments were performed on axisymmetric flames stabilized on a Mckenna burner at various equivalence ratios and flow rates, and the results agreed asymptotically with the theoretical value of the adiabatic flame temperature. An additional experiment on a flame of complex geometry demonstrated an excellent level of resolution, precision, and contrast achieved by the current thermometry method. This method promises to provide good utility in future combustion studies due to its high performance metrics and relative ease of use.