Beyond endoscopy for $\mathsf{GL}_2$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ with ramification 2: bounds towards the Ramanujan conjecture

TL;DR

This paper extends the 'Beyond Endoscopy' method to ramified cases of $ ext{GL}_2$ over $Q$, providing a new proof of the $1/4$ bound towards the Ramanujan conjecture in this setting.

Contribution

It generalizes previous unramified results to ramified cases, introducing new analytic estimates and a refined trace formula analysis.

Findings

Established the $1/4$ bound for ramified $ ext{GL}_2$ over $Q$

Developed techniques to estimate contributions from trace formula parts

Isolated 1-dimensional representations within the elliptic component

Abstract

We continue generalizing Altu\u{g}'s work on $\mathsf{GL}_2$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ in the unramified setting for \emph{Beyond Endoscopy} to the ramified case where ramification occurs at $S=\{\infty,q_1,\dots,q_r\}$ with $2\in S$, after generalizing the first step. We establish a new proof of the $1/4$ bound towards the Ramanujan conjecture for the trace of the cuspidal part in the ramified case, which is also provided by adapting Altu\u{g}'s original approach. The proof proceeds in three stages: First, we estimate the contributions from the non-elliptic parts of the trace formula. Then, we apply the main result from our the previous work to isolate the $1$-dimensional representations within the elliptic part. Finally, we employ technical analytic estimates to bound the remainder terms in the elliptic part.