WellPINN: Accurate Well Representation for Transient Fluid Pressure Diffusion in Subsurface Reservoirs with Physics-Informed Neural Networks

TL;DR

WellPINN introduces a novel workflow using sequentially trained PINNs to accurately model well pressure in reservoir simulations, especially during early injection stages, enhancing inverse modeling capabilities.

Contribution

It presents a new iterative PINN-based method that accurately captures well pressure by decomposing the domain and approximating well radius, improving reservoir modeling accuracy.

Findings

Sequential training improves pressure inference accuracy.

The method effectively models pressure during entire injection periods.

Open-source code and data are provided for reproducibility.

Abstract

Accurate representation of wells is essential for reliable reservoir characterization and simulation of operational scenarios in subsurface flow models. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising method for reservoir modeling, offering seamless integration of monitoring data and governing physical equations. However, existing PINN-based studies face major challenges in capturing fluid pressure near wells, particularly during the early stage after injection begins. To address this, we propose WellPINN, a modeling workflow that combines the outputs of multiple sequentially trained PINN models to accurately represent wells. This workflow iteratively approximates the radius of the equivalent well to match the actual well dimensions by decomposing the domain into stepwise shrinking subdomains with a simultaneously reducing equivalent well radius. Our results demonstrate that sequential training of superimposing networks around the pumping well is the first workflow that focuses on accurate inference of fluid pressure from pumping rates throughout the entire injection period, significantly advancing the potential of PINNs for inverse modeling and operational scenario simulations. All data and code for this paper will be made openly available at https://github.com/linuswalter/WellPINN.