Possible Formation of Traversable Wormholes and Their Thermodynamic Analysis in $\mathcal{F}(Q,\mathcal{L}_{m},\mathcal{T})$ Gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores the theoretical possibility of traversable wormholes within extended symmetric teleparallel gravity, analyzing their geometric features, energy conditions, and thermodynamic stability, highlighting the necessity of exotic matter.

Contribution

It introduces a new analysis of traversable wormholes in $\\mathcal{F}(Q,\mathcal{L}_{m},\mathcal{T})$ gravity, including geometric, energy, and thermodynamic aspects, which has not been extensively studied before.

Findings

Wormhole solutions satisfy key geometric conditions.

Null energy condition is violated near the throat.

Thermodynamic analysis indicates stability of the wormhole.

Abstract

In this work, we investigate static and spherically symmetric traversable wormhole solutions within the framework of the extended symmetric teleparallel gravity, specifically the $\mathcal{F}(Q,\mathcal{L}_{m},\mathcal{T})$ gravity theory, where $Q$, $\mathcal{L}_{m}$, and $\mathcal{T}$ are the respective representations of the non-metricity scalar, the matter Lagrangian, and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. By employing a specific redshift function and deriving the shape function through the Karmarkar condition, we examine the fundamental geometric features required for a viable wormhole structure. The analysis confirms the satisfaction of key conditions such as the throat condition, flaring-out condition, and asymptotic flatness. A detailed study of energy conditions for various values of model parameters reveals that the null energy condition and averaged null energy condition are violated near the throat, indicating the presence of exotic matter. Additionally, thermodynamic quantities such as temperature, pressure, specific heat, work density, and energy flux are analyzed, all of which support the thermal and equilibrium stability of the wormhole. Our findings demonstrate that even in extended theories like $\mathcal{F}(Q,\mathcal{L}_{m},\mathcal{T})$ gravity, exotic matter remains essential for sustaining traversable wormholes. This work lays the foundation for further investigations into their stability under dynamical perturbations and potential astrophysical implications.