Asymptotic condition numbers for linear ordinary differential equations

TL;DR

This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of condition numbers related to the matrix exponential in linear ODEs, focusing on how perturbations in initial conditions affect long-term solution stability.

Contribution

It introduces three types of condition numbers for linear ODEs and analyzes their long-time asymptotic behavior, providing qualitative insights into solution sensitivity.

Findings

Three condition numbers are defined for linear ODEs.

Long-time behavior of these condition numbers is characterized.

The study offers qualitative understanding of solution stability over time.

Abstract

We are interested in the relative conditioning of the problem $y_0\mapsto \mathrm{e}^{tA}y_0$, i.e., the relative conditioning of the action of the matrix exponential $\mathrm{e}% ^{tA}$ on a vector with respect to perturbations of this vector. The present paper is a qualitative study of the long-time behavior of this conditioning. In other words, we are interested in studying the propagation to the solution $y(t)$ of perturbations of the initial value for a linear ordinary differential equation $y^\prime(t)=Ay(t)$, by measuring these perturbations with relative errors. We introduce three condition numbers: the first considers a specific initial value and a specific direction of perturbation; the second considers a specific initial value and the worst case by varying the direction of perturbation; and the third considers the worst case by varying both the initial value and the direction of perturbation. The long-time behaviors of these three condition numbers are studied.