Interfacial Entanglement-Induced Time-Dependent Solidification of Polymeric Fluids

TL;DR

This study reveals how polymer interfacial layers solidify over time due to entanglement, significantly affecting flow behavior and boundary conditions, with implications for understanding polymer rheology at interfaces.

Contribution

It provides direct nano-rheological measurements of time-dependent interfacial solidification and elucidates the role of interfacial entanglement in polymer flow dynamics.

Findings

The first interfacial layer solidifies over 10 hours with increased moduli.

Interfacial entanglement causes the boundary shift and negative slip length.

Deeper layers remain fluid-like with increased viscosity.

Abstract

The structure of polymers at solid interfaces evolves over time, but the corresponding changes in their rheological properties remain poorly understood. Here, using a home-built quartz tuning fork atomic force microscope-based nano-rheometer, we directly measure the time-dependent viscoelasticity of the interfacial fluid. The bottommost layer, closest to the substrate, undergoes solidification over 10 hours, exhibiting an approximately five-fold increase in storage modulus and a two-fold increase in loss modulus. This arises from interfacial entanglement due to the strong binding of polymers to the solid surface driven by solid-wall attractive interactions. In contrast, within the second and third layers, the storage modulus remains nearly constant over time, while the loss modulus shows approximately two-fold increase. In this region, unlike the strongly bound first layer, entropic repulsion dominates, allowing the material to behave fluid-like while becoming increasingly viscous. Notably, as the first layer, where interfacial entanglement occurs, undergoes solidification, the flow boundary for interfacial fluid flow shifts upward away from the substrate, resulting in a negative slip length. This highlights the critical role of nanoscale interfacial structure and properties in governing macroscopic flow behavior.