The Optical Sensor for IceCube-Gen2

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new optical module for IceCube-Gen2 with segmented light sensors, improved design for easier assembly, and integrated electronics, enhancing neutrino detection capabilities at the South Pole.

Contribution

Development of a novel optical module with segmented sensors, new gel pad support, and integrated digitization for IceCube-Gen2, building on previous IceCube modules.

Findings

Prototype performance demonstrates effective light collection.

Design modifications simplify assembly and reduce complexity.

Electronics integration enables high-rate signal digitization.

Abstract

An innovative optical module (OM) with segmented light-sensitive area has been developed for IceCube-Gen2 that will take neutrino astronomy at the South Pole to the next level. It builds on the successful features of the mDOM and D-Egg modules of IceCube Upgrade while adapting to the smaller borehole diameter of IceCube-Gen2. The newly developed OM, which is being tested in IceCube Upgrade, serves as a prototype for the planned mass production of about 10,000 OMs for IceCube-Gen2. To simplify the assembly process, important changes were made to the design, in particular to integrate the new gel pad concept. This replaces the 3D-printed support structure of the mDOM while maintaining through total internal reflection the increased light collection efficiency of the reflector rings. In addition, the design features local generation of high voltage for each photomultiplier tube (PMT) via a Cockcroft-Walton circuit and the full digitization of the signal on each PMT base with a sampling rate of 60 MSpS. This significantly reduces the complexity of the mainboard so that it fits into the limited space available. This article describes the development status and presents the performance of the first prototypes.