PGD-based optimization of 3D bobsleigh track centerlines from 2D centerlines for simulation applications

TL;DR

This paper introduces a PGD-based optimization method to generate accurate 3D bobsleigh track centerlines from 2D data, enhancing simulation environments for training and design with high precision and flexibility.

Contribution

It presents a novel optimization approach using PGD to reconstruct 3D track centerlines from limited 2D data, incorporating design regulations and enabling style customization.

Findings

Generated 3D centerlines closely match real data with errors within 1.7-3.5%.

Method allows flexible style generation by adjusting segmentation and weights.

Errors remain within acceptable limits, ensuring realistic simulation environments.

Abstract

The centerline of a bobsleigh track defines its geometry and is essential for simulation modeling. To reduce bBobsleigh training costs, leveraging the centerline of the bobsleigh track to construct a virtual environment that closely replicates real competitive settings presents a promising solution. However, publicly available centerline data are typically limited and it is imprecise to construct a training system solely based on 2-dimensional (2D) centerline. To address this practical issue, this paper proposes a method for generating a 3-dimensional (3D) track centerline based on 2D centerline data. Incorporating international track design regulations, the method formulates an optimization problem that considers total track length, height difference, slope constraints, and geometric continuity. A Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The generated 3D centerlines are compared with real track data, and the results show that the method can reproduce realistic centerline trends from original or scaled 2D data. For the selected track segment, the relative errors in total length, height difference, and average slope are within 1.7%, 3.2% and 4.1%, respectively, for real 2D data and within 1.1%, 3.5% and 4.3% respectively for scaled data. All slope values remain within the allowable limits. Moreover, by adjusting the segmentation or modifying the weight of height difference in the cost function, various centerline styles applicable to different competitions can be generated. Under different segmentation and weight factors, the maximum errors reach up to 4.4%, 4.8%, and 9.8%, and 4.4%, 4.8%, and 10.0%, respectively. The proposed method provides a flexible and efficient tool for supporting bobsleigh track centerline design.