Photodesorption of SO2 and SO from UV-irradiated SO2 ices

TL;DR

This study measures the photodesorption yields of SO2 and SO from UV-irradiated ices at various temperatures, providing data crucial for understanding their presence in space environments and modeling their gas-phase abundances.

Contribution

It provides the first direct measurements of SO2 and SO photodesorption yields from UV-irradiated ices and incorporates these into astrophysical models.

Findings

SO2 photodesorption yield increases with temperature up to 70 K

Estimated yields are 2.3 x 10^-4 and 6 x 10^-5 molecules per photon at 14 K

Photodesorption yields influence SO2 and SO gas-phase abundances in space environments.

Abstract

The detection of high gas-phase abundances of SO2 and SO in the cold envelope of an intermediate mass protostar suggests that these molecules might form on icy dust grains and subsequently desorb to the gas phase by non-thermal desorption processes such as photodesorption. In this work we report photodesorption yields for SO2 and, tentatively, SO upon ultraviolet photon irradiation of SO2 ice samples at temperatures between 14 and 80 K. Photodesorption yields were measured directly in the gas phase using a calibrated quadrupole mass spectrometer. Yields of 2.3 x 10-4 molecule/photon and 6 x 10-5 molecule/photon were estimated for SO2 and SO at 14 K (respectively). The SO2 photodesorption yield increased with temperature up to a value of 3.8 x 10-4 molecule/photon at 70 K, followed by a decrease at 80 K that could be due to crystallization of the sample. The signal assigned to SO photodesorption did not significantly change with temperature. The estimated photodesorption yields were included in the Nautilus gas-grain chemical model to evaluate their contribution to the SO2 and SO gas-phase abundances in an astrophysical environment. In addition, we also present a theoretically estimated band strength for the 1395 cm-1 SO3 IR feature (A = 1.1 x 10-16 cm molecule-1). SO3 is the main detected product in irradiated SO2 ices, and a potential contributor to the 7.2 um band observed in some interstellar ice IR spectra.