Secure Communication of UAV-mounted STAR-RIS under Phase Shift Errors

TL;DR

This paper explores secure UAV-mounted STAR-RIS communication with phase shift errors, deriving secrecy rate expressions and optimizing UAV placement and power splitting to enhance security under realistic conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a joint optimization framework for UAV positioning and STAR-RIS power splitting to improve secure communication in NOMA networks with phase errors.

Findings

Closed-form ergodic secrecy rate expressions derived.

Joint optimization improves system secrecy performance.

Framework accounts for phase shift inaccuracies and fading conditions.

Abstract

This paper investigates the secure communication capabilities of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network supported by a STAR-RIS (simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface) deployed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in the presence of passive eavesdroppers. The STAR-RIS facilitates concurrent signal reflection and transmission, allowing multiple legitimate users-grouped via NOMA-to be served efficiently, thereby improving spectral utilization. Each user contends with an associated eavesdropper, creating a stringent security scenario. Under Nakagami fading conditions and accounting for phase shift inaccuracies in the STAR-RIS, closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rates of users in both transmission and reflection paths are derived. An optimization framework is then developed to jointly adjust the UAV's positioning and the STAR-RIS power splitting coefficient, aiming to maximize the system's secrecy rate. The proposed approach enhances secure transmission in STAR-RIS-NOMA configurations under realistic hardware constraints and offers valuable guidance for the design of future 6G wireless networks.